When rain finally does come to drylands, only some microbes in the soil 'awaken'

In arid regions, the microbes that power threatened dryland soil ecosystems called biological soil crusts stay dormant over long periods, only "awakening" when they sense moisture from infrequent rainfall. Now, a team led by researchers at Penn State—driven by projections that those biocrusts will decline by as much as 40% in the next 45 years—found that when a dryland soil does get wet, most of the microbes in the biocrust stay inactive. It's a discovery that will inform ongoing efforts to conserve and restore biocrusts, according to the researchers.